A. Federalist and Republican Mudslingers
1. JA attacked by Hamiltonians (no war w/ F), Feds attacked TJ
a. TJ accused of adultery, atheism
B. The Jeffersonian “Revolution of 1800”
1. TJ won election, but tied w/ Aaron Burr, his VP, TJ ultimately won
2. Called a revolution b/c peacefully switched parties
C. The Federalist Finale: JA last Fed pres, party too conservative, not will of people
D. Responsibility Breeds Moderation
1. 1801, “Long Tom” Jefferson becomes president (tall, red-head, no pomp)
2. Cap: Washington, very casual, widowed, messages to Congress read by clerk
3. R/D party still weak, b/c TJ tolerant of former Fed public officials
E. Jeffersonian Restraint Helps to Further a “Revolution”
1. 1802 New Naturalization Laws (reversed Alien Act → 5 yr citizenship)
2. No more excise tax, Sec of Treasury Albert Gallatin managed to balance
3. Kept most Fed policies intact, peaceful overturn of party
F. The “Dead Clutch” of the Judiciary
1. 1801 Judiciary Act created 16 fed judges, repealed by Repub Congress
2. Chief Justice John Marshall (Fed) passed on Fed ideas for whole lifetime
3. Fed Will Marbury, ‘midnight judge’ sued for delivery of his commission, In 1803 Marshall dismissed case, set precedent: Supreme Court interprets Constitution
4. Jeffersonians tried to impeach Justice Sam Chase, failed, set precedent
G. The Pacifist Jefferson Turns Warrior
1. At first, ↓ army/navy, then pirates in Mediterranean attacked, Tripoli declared unofficial war, TJ sent navy, 4 yrs of fighting
2. 1805 Treaty of peace from Tripoli, $60,000
3. TJ commissioned hundreds of small gunboats
H. The Louisiana Godsend
1. Napoleon and King of S signed secret treaty of 1800 to give Louisiana to F
2. 1802, S didn’t allow A to deposit stores in warehouses on MS river
3. 1803 James Monroe, Robert R. Livingston to buy New Orleans and land to east (FL) for max. $10 mil from F, if not, make alliance w/ B
4. Napoleon didn’t capture Santo Domingo (LA support it), b/c Toussaint L’Ouverture led slave rebellion, wanted A for ally against B
5. A bought LA (land to west) for $15 mil, cheap land, passed by Congress
I. Louisiana in the Long View
1. 1804, Meriwether Lewis (TJ secretary) and William Clark (officer) explored northern part of LA, aided by Sacajawea
2. Burr plotting to secede NE, NY, AH challenged him to duel, AH killed 1804
3. Burr arrested 1806 for treason, acquitted, but planned to secede West
J. America: A Nutcrackered Neutral
1. 1804 TJ reelected, 1803 Napoleon started war w/ B
a. 1805, Horatio Lord Nelson won sea, Napoleon won land
b. 1806, London gov issued Orders in Council, closed ports to all ships unless stopped at B first, F seized all ships,
c. B employed ‘impressment,’ forced enlistment of A men, many killed
2. A ship Chesapeake attacked for 4 deserters, A wanted war
K. Jefferson’s Backfiring Embargo
1. 1807 Embargo Act passed by Congress: no exportation, hurt NE economy
2. 1808, smuggling over Canadian border ↑, embargo repealed 1809
3. Non-Intercourse Act had embargo on B and F, but economy already hurt
4. NE started manufacturing
5. 1812, B repealed Orders in Council, but A already repealed Embargo Act
L. Jefferson’s Legacy
1. TJ didn’t run for 3rd term, feared precedent of dictatorship
2. TJ and JA died on same day: July 4th, 1826
M. Madison: Dupe of Napoleon
1. 1809, James Madison (JM) became president, unable to be successful leader
2. 1810 adopted Macon’s Bill No. 2: if either B or F repealed anti-trade laws, then A would impose nonimportation on the other country
3. 1810, Napoleon lied about lifting laws, JM accepted
N. War Whoops Arouse the War Hawks
1. Twelfth Congress dominated by younger delegates, wanted war to est. A rights, stop NA
2. KY was neutral NA zone, A settled in it, Shawnee brothers Tecumseh and the Prophet united NA, but A Gen. Harrison burned NA h/q in Tippecanoe, 1811, Tecumseh killed 1813
3. Andrew Jackson defeated Creek Indians at Battle of Horseshoe Bend, 1814
4. June 1812, Congress passed declaration of war
O. “Mr. Madison’s War”
1. Declared war 2 days after B renounced Orders in Council, but info not fast enough, A wanted B Canada
2. NE against war, S and W wanted it, divided to enter war
P. Timeline p. 231 (1800, TJ becomes president – 1814, Battle of Horseshoe Bend)